字符分两类:元字符和辅字符。
★元字符指的是:元音字母和复元字符。
元音字母有五个:a
e i o u。元音字母数量虽少,但出现的频率高。w
y
是半元音字母,出现在音节开头处时是单辅字符,作为元音字母来使用时相当于
u
和
i
。
复元字符指的是由两个或三个字母在一起发某个元音。常用复元字符:ar
er ir or ur are ere ire ore ure ai/ay air al au/aw ea ear ee eer ei/ey eu/ew ie
oa oar oor oi/oy oo ou/ow our ui,单辅字符
r
l
也可以和元音字母一起组成复元字符,w
y
是半元音字母,经常用来代替元音字母
u
和
i
。
复元字符数量较多,为了方便记忆,将复元字符分为三类: 元R 复元字符(ar er ir
or ur)、 元RE 复元字符are
ere ire ore ure)、普通复元字符(ai/ay air al au/aw ea ear ee eer ei/ey eu/ew ie
oa oar/oor oi/oy oo ou/ow our ui)。
★辅字符指的是:单辅字符和复辅字符。
单辅字符:b
c d f g h j- k l m n p q r- s t v w x y- z
复辅字符:ch
-ck -dge gh gu kn- -mn -ng ph qu sc- sh -tch th wh- wr-
英语字符表
元音字母: |
a
e i/y o u |
复元字符: |
ar
er ir or ur |
|
are
ere ire ore ure |
|
ai/ay
air al au/aw |
|
ea
ear ee eer ei/ey eu/ew |
|
ie |
|
oa
oar/oor oi/oy oo ou/ow our |
|
ui |
单辅字符: |
b
c d f g h j- k l m n p q r- s t v w x y- z |
复辅字符: |
ch
-ck -dge dr- -ds gh gu- -gue kn- -mn
-ng |
|
ph
qu- -que sh -tch th tr- -ts wh- wr- |
有的辅字符在音节中的位置较为固定,如:gu-
j- kn- qu- r- sc- wh- wr- y-,通常出现在音节的开头,而有些辅字符出现在音节的末尾,如:-ck -dge -mn -ng -tch。
一、单元字符在重读音节中的读音
单元字符 |
读
音 |
例
词 |
编
号 | |
a |
在开音节中 |
[eI] |
name
plane
Jane
baby cake |
1-01 |
在闭音节中 |
[q] |
bag
dad
hat
map
black
back |
1-02 | |
e |
在开音节中 |
[i:] |
he these
me secret |
1-03 |
在闭音节中 |
[e] |
bed
let
pen
desk
yes egg |
1-04 | |
i/y |
在开音节中 |
[AI] |
bike
fly drive
time
nice
kite |
1-05 |
在闭音节中 |
[I] |
fish
big
drink
sit milk
swim |
1-06 | |
o |
在开音节中 |
[EU] |
those
close
go hoe
home
no |
1-07 |
在闭音节中 |
[O] |
clock
not
box
shop
sock |
1-08 | |
u |
在开音节中 |
[ju:] |
student excuse
duty Tuesday |
1-09 |
在闭音节中 |
[V] |
bus
cup
jump
much
lunch |
1-10 | |
在开音节中,单元字符u在单辅字符j
l r s后面时读[u:]音,例如:June
blue
ruler super |
1-11 |
二、单元字符在非重读音节中的读音
单元字符 |
读
音 |
例
词 |
编
号 |
a |
[E] |
China another woman
breakfast |
2-01 |
[I] |
orange
comrade
village
cabbage |
2-02 | |
e |
[E] |
hundred
student open
moment |
2-03 |
[I] |
chicken
pocket
begin children |
2-04 | |
i/y |
[E]/[I] |
holiday beautiful
family animal |
2-05 |
[AI] |
exercise
satellite |
2-06 | |
o |
[E] |
second
tonight
somebody welcome |
2-07 |
[EU] |
also zero photo |
2-08 | |
u |
[E] |
autumn
difficult |
2-09 |
[jU/ju:] |
popular congretulation January |
2-10 | |
动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a读[eI]音,例如:operate
celebrate
separate |
2-11 | ||
u处在开音节位置,又在单辅字符j
l r s后面时,读[U/u:]音,例如:July influence
February issue |
2-12 |
三、单元字符在重读音节中的特殊读音
单元字符 |
读
音 |
例
词 |
编
号 |
闭音节中a在[w]音后面 |
[O] |
want
what
watch
wash
quality |
3-01 |
a在f
n ph sk sp ss st th前 |
[a:] |
after plant
graph ask
grasp
glass
fast
father |
3-02 |
i在gh
-gn -ld -nd前 |
[AI] |
high
light
sign
child
find |
3-03 |
o在-st -ld前 |
[EU] |
most
postcard old
cold |
3-04 |
o在m
n v th前 |
[V] |
come
monkey love
mother |
3-05 |
四、元R复元字符在重读音节中的读音
复元字符 |
读
音 |
例
词 |
编
号 |
ar |
[a:] |
car farm
dark
sharpener |
4-01 |
[o:] |
warm
quarter
towards |
4-02 | |
or |
[o:] |
forty morning short |
4-03 |
[c:] |
word
worker worse |
4-04 | |
er ir ur |
[c:] |
certainly bird
Thursday |
4-05 |
单辅字符双写的含义:①强调双写单辅字符前是闭音节,双写单辅字符通常只发一个辅音,例如:carry berry mirror sorry hurry。②明确双写单辅字符之间是音节划分处,例如:suc'ceed
cor'rect col'lect sug'gest ad'dress。 |
4-06 | ||
元R复元字符在非重读音节中通常读[E]音,例如:dollar teacher martyr comfort
Saturday |
4-07 |
五、元RE复元字符在重读音节中的读音
复元字符 |
读
音 |
例
词 |
编
号 |
are |
[eE] |
care dare hare square scare glare |
5-01 |
ere |
[IE] |
here mere severe sincerely |
5-02 |
ire |
[AIE] |
fire hire wire require desire tyre |
5-03 |
ore |
[O:] |
more score before shore sore |
5-04 |
ure |
[jUE] |
pure cure mature endure secure |
5-05 |
重读音节中元音字母加r,再加非重读元字符时,元音字母和r构成元RE复元字符的变体,按元RE复元字符在重读音节中的拼读规则发音,字母r读[r]音。 |
5-06 | ||
在一些常用词及多音节词中,重读元RE复元字符变体经常出现长音短化为短音的现象,即按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音,字母r读[r]音。 |
5-07 | ||
完整的元RE复元字符are
ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中,ure在非重读音节中读[E]音,例如:picture pleasure |
5-08 |
六、复元字符在重读音节中的读音
复元字符 |
读
音 |
例
词 |
编
号 |
ai/ay |
[eI] |
afraid
rain
wait
day play |
6-01 |
air |
[eE] |
air hair chair pair repair |
6-02 |
al al
在
f m 前 |
[o:] |
small
ball
talk
wall all |
6-03 |
[o:l] |
alwais also
salt almost |
6-04 | |
[a:] |
half
calm |
6-05 | |
au/aw |
[o:] |
autumn
daughter
draw |
6-06 |
ea |
[i:] |
teach easy
cheap
please |
6-07 |
[e] |
heavy bread
sweater weather |
6-08 | |
[eI] |
break
great |
6-09 | |
[IE] |
idea really theatre |
6-10 | |
ear |
[IE] |
hear dear near clear year |
6-11 |
[eE] |
bear pear wear swear |
6-12 | |
[c:] |
earth
learn early |
6-13 | |
ee |
[i:] |
jeep
week
green
three |
6-14 |
eer |
[IE] |
pioneer deer beer |
6-15 |
ei/ey |
[eI] |
eight
neighbour they |
6-16 |
eu/ew |
[ju:] |
new few queue
stew |
6-17 |
[u:] |
flew brew jewelry |
6-18 | |
ie/[s]音后拼写为ei |
[i:] |
piece
field
receive
seize |
6-19 |
oa |
[EU] |
coat
Joan
boat
goal |
6-20 |
oar/oor |
[o:] |
roar board
door floor |
6-21 |
oi/oy |
[OI] |
noise
point
boy toilet |
6-22 |
oo |
[u:] |
broom
food
tooth
school |
6-23 |
[U] |
book
look
cook
foot
good |
6-24 | |
ou/ow |
[AU] |
flower
house
count
down |
6-25 |
[V] |
young
country enough |
6-26 | |
[EU] |
know row though
yellow |
6-27 | |
[u:] |
group
you soup
through |
6-28 | |
our |
[o:] |
course
your four |
6-29 |
[AUE] |
our hour ours |
6-30 | |
[c:] |
journey |
6-31 | |
ui |
[ju:I] |
nuisance |
6-32 |
[u:] |
juice
sluice
fruit
suit |
6-33 | |
非重读音节中复元字符大多读
[E]
音或
[I]
音,例如: neighbour biscuit |
6-34 | ||
非重读音节中
-ay -ey -ee -ie读[I]音,例如: Sunday monkey coffee cookie |
6-35 |
七、字群的读音
字群 |
读
音 |
例
词 |
编
号 |
-cial /
-sial /
-tial |
[SEl] |
facial controversial spatial |
7-01 |
-cian /
-sian /
-tian |
[SEn] |
musician Asian Egyptian |
7-02 |
-cient /
-tient |
[SEnt] |
efficient sentient patient |
7-03 |
-cious /
-scious/
-tious |
[SEs] |
delicious conscious ambitious |
7-04 |
-cia /
-sia /
-tia |
[Se] |
judiciary Asia Russia militia |
7-05 |
-cion /
-sion /
-tion |
[SEn] |
suspicion impression nation |
7-06 |
-sion 在元音字母后 |
[ZEn] |
vision decision occasion |
7-07 |
-tion 在s后 |
[tSEn] |
question suggestion |
7-08 |
含不常见字群的词:advantageous
anxious Confucius contagion contagious ocean pigeon region soldier surgeon
patience sentience。
以下拼写结构不宜作为字群:
christen 起名 |
chris-ten ['krIsEn] |
fasten 系牢 |
fas-ten ['fa:sEn] |
glsten 闪光 |
glis-ten ['gIsEn] |
hasten 加速 |
has-ten ['heIsEn] |
listen 听 |
lis-ten ['lIsEn] |
moisten 使潮湿 |
mois-ten ['mOIsEn] |
bristle 胡楂
鬃毛 |
bris-tle ['brIsl] |
castle 城堡 |
cas-tle ['ka:sl] |
jostle 撞
挤 |
jos-tle ['dZOsl] |
nestle 使偎依 |
nes-tle ['nesl] |
rustle 沙沙作响 |
rus-tle ['rVsl] |
throstle 画眉鸟 |
thros-tle ['TrOsl] |
wrestle 摔跤 |
wres-tle ['resl] |
whistle 口哨 |
whis-tle ['wIsl] |
procedure 程序,步骤 |
pro'ce-dure [dZ] |
censure 指责 |
cen-sure |
closure 关闭 |
clo-sure |
composure 镇静 |
compo-sure |
enclosure 封入 |
en'clo-sure |
erasure 擦掉 |
e'ra-sure |
exposure 暴露 |
ex'po-sure |
leisure 休闲 |
lei-sure |
measure 测量 |
meas-ure |
pleasure 愉快 |
pleas-ure |
treasure 财宝 |
treas-ure |
adventure 冒险 |
ad'ven-ture |
agriculture 农业 |
'ag-ri;cul-ture |
architecture 建筑学 |
'ar-chi;tec-ture |
capture 捕获 |
'cap-ture |
creature 生物 |
crea-ture |
culture 文化 |
cul-ture |
departure 离开 |
de'par-ture |
expenditure 支出额 |
ex'pen-di-ture |
feature 特征 |
fea-ture |
literature 文学 |
'lit-e-ra-ture |
manufacture 制造 |
;man-u'fac-ture |
mixture 混合物 |
mix-ture |
temperature 温度 |
'tem-pe-ra-ture |
texture 织物 |
tex-ture |
censure 指责 |
cen-sure |
八、元字符在复合词非重读音节中的读音
复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元字符仍按其在重读音节中的拼读规则拼读。例如: |
8-01 |
有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在时的意义,融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按其在非重读音节中的拼读规则发音。例如: |
8-02 |
九、辅字符的读音
辅字符 |
读
音 |
例
词 |
编
号 |
b |
[b] |
bike bus bag |
9-01 |
c |
[k] |
cake
picture coat music |
9-02 |
[s] |
face decide cinema |
9-03 | |
ch |
[tS] |
much chick rich teacher |
9-04 |
[k] |
school headache chemistry |
9-05 | |
[S] |
machine Chicago |
9-06 | |
-ck |
[k] |
cock pocket black knock |
9-07 |
d |
[d] |
doctor
bread hand day |
9-08 |
-dge |
[dZ] |
bridge fridge |
9-09 |
f |
[f] |
five four breakfast |
9-10 |
g |
[g] |
bag garden go |
9-11 |
[dZ] |
orange large German |
9-12 | |
gh |
[/] |
light daughter high |
9-13 |
[g] |
ghost
sorghum spaghetti |
9-14 | |
[f] |
cough enough rough |
9-15 | |
gu |
[g] |
guess
league dialogue guitar |
9-16 |
[gw] |
language anguish penguin |
9-17 | |
h |
[h] |
hot head house hand |
9-18 |
[/] |
hour honest honor |
9-19 | |
j- |
[dZ] |
jeep jar joke join July |
9-20 |
k |
[k] |
kind
bike skate make week |
9-21 |
kn- |
[n] |
knife know knock |
9-22 |
l |
[l] |
life
milk school tall |
9-23 |
m |
[m] |
monkey
come tomato |
9-24 |
-mn |
[m] |
autumn column damn |
9-25 |
n |
[n] |
not
shine ten note |
9-26 |
[ŋ] |
uncle thank hungry |
9-27 | |
-ng |
[N] |
morning young wrong |
9-28 |
p |
[p] |
paper plane pig ship pen |
9-29 |
ph |
[f] |
elephant photo telephone |
9-30 |
q/qu |
[k] |
Iraq cheque |
9-31 |
qu- |
[kw] |
quality quite quarter |
9-32 |
r- |
[r] |
red rubber ruler |
9-33 |
s在音节开头或清辅音前 |
[s] |
sit sleep desk |
9-34 |
[z] |
music husband |
9-35 | |
sc- |
[sk] |
scarlet scout Scotland |
9-36 |
[s] |
scene science scythe |
9-37 | |
sh |
[S] |
she
fish shirt wash |
9-38 |
t在通常情况下 |
[t] |
ten
letter meet |
9-39 |
[tS] |
culture actual picture |
9-40 | |
-tch |
[tS] |
watch catch match |
9-41 |
th在通常情况下 |
[T] |
thin thirty
method |
9-42 |
[D] |
the these
with than |
9-43 | |
[D] |
clothe father weather |
9-44 | |
v |
[v] |
very voice love leave |
9-45 |
w- |
[w] |
week win wake sweet wait |
9-46 |
wh- |
[w] |
what when white why |
9-47 |
[h] |
who whose whole |
9-48 | |
x |
[ks] |
box text exercise |
9-49 |
[gz] |
example exist exact |
9-50 | |
wr- |
[r] |
write wrong wrist |
9-51 |
y- |
[j] |
yes yard yellow young |
9-52 |
z |
[z] |
puzzle zero zoo |
9-53 |
不常用辅字符:
gn
benign sign
ps psychology
sch
[S]
schnapps schnitzel schuss schwa schlock schmaltz schmooze
schmuck
英语语音名词解释
1.音节 以元音为主体构成的发音单位,一般说来元音发音响亮,可以构成音节,辅音发音不响亮,不能单独构成音节([m]
[n] [l]例外)。从单词拼写形式上看,有几个元字符就有几个音节。 |
0-01 |
2.音节的划分 ①在重读音节和非重读音节的相邻处有两个辅字符时,一个辅字符属于前面的音节,一个属于后面的音节。 |
0-02 |
3.重读音节 单词中读音特别响亮的音节。用音标标记双音节、多音节词的读音时,应使用重读符号。单音节词多数是重读音节,标记读音时不需要使用重读符号。 |
0-03 |
4.开音节 ①绝对开音节:元音字母后面没有辅字符的重读音节。例如:no blue
ba-by stu-dent se-cret |
0-04 |
5.闭音节 元音字母后面有辅字符(r
w y 除外)且以辅字符结尾的重读音节。例如:bagegg fish not cup 五个元音字母在闭音节中发短音 [q]
[e] [I] [O] [V] |
0-05 |
6.双音节词重读规则 双音节词的第一个音节通常是重读音节。 |
0-06 |
7.多音节词重读规则 多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读。 |
0-07 |